Women Soldiers of the Civil War

Disguise, Duty, and Determination

Did Women Really Fight in the Civil War?

Yes—women soldiers of the Civil War served on both the Union and Confederate sides, often disguising themselves as men in order to enlist. Historians estimate that hundreds of women fought in battle, marched long distances, endured camp life, and faced the same dangers as their male counterparts.

Their stories challenge long-held assumptions about gender roles in 19th-century America and reveal the extraordinary determination of women who sought purpose, patriotism, pay, or adventure during the nation’s deadliest conflict.

Why Women Enlisted as Soldiers

Women joined the Civil War armies for many reasons, including:

• Patriotism and belief in the cause

• Following husbands, brothers, or loved ones

• Financial necessity and steady pay

• Desire for independence and adventure

Disguises were often simple—short hair, loose uniforms, and assumed names—making it possible for women to serve undetected, sometimes for years.

Life in Camp and on the Battlefield

Women soldiers endured:

• Grueling marches and harsh weather

• Disease, injury, and battlefield trauma

• Strict military discipline

• Constant risk of discovery

Many were only revealed after being wounded, falling ill, or captured. Some continued serving even after their identity was discovered, earning respect for their bravery and competence.

Famous Women Soldiers of the Civil War

Notable examples include:

• Sarah Emma Edmonds (served as Franklin Thompson)

• Jennie Hodgers (served as Albert Cashier)

• Loreta Janeta Velázquez (claimed service as Harry T. Buford)

These women left behind memoirs, pension records, and newspaper accounts that help historians reconstruct their experiences.

Women, War, and Changing Gender Roles

The presence of women soldiers exposed the limitations of rigid Victorian gender norms. Their service demonstrated women’s physical endurance, strategic thinking, and commitment under fire.

After the war, some women received military pensions, while others returned quietly to civilian life, their service known only decades later.

Interactive Living History Program for Museums & Schools

Indian Creek Historical Fashions presents Valiant Warrioress: Women Soldiers of the Civil War, an immersive living history program that explores:

• How women enlisted and concealed their identities

• Daily life in camp and combat conditions

• Uniforms, equipment, and period expectations

Designed for:

• Museums and historical sites

• Schools and libraries

• Civil War roundtables and heritage events

This program pairs powerfully with Lady’s Got Back: The Evolution of the Victorian Bustle and Women Homesteaders of Nebraska, offering audiences a broader view of women’s lives during the 19th century.